Remarks on the Question of the So-Called Monastic Schools of Architecture

The hypothetical interpretation of the beginnings monastic architecture in Hungary eleventh century as corresponding to Italian origin clergy cannot be proved, and beginning dominating role a three-apsidal, axially organized basilica traced earlier than last quarter century.The dominance type, which has been considered Hungarian art history since nineteenth “national” building can dated century. It is not only problem architecture, because same typology—in other dimensions—is also characteristic church buildings—cathedrals provostry churches.However, it apparent that both case monasteries genres buildings, solutions are minimal less complicated. There an important written source concerning value patronage buildings. so called Estimationes communes iuxta consuetudinem regni (i.e. common estimations) go back Romanesque times they were still accepted 1516 by printed edition Decretum tripartitum István Werbőczy. classification ecclesiastic property was governed two criteria: possession right sepulture.The architectural heritage Cistercians appears rather uniform stylistic phenomenon. This uniformity interpreted historical literature contribution order supposedly having own organization. But hypothesis workers, conversi among craftsmen builders churches revealed legendary history.The most active period began with privileges given King Béla III Order foundation three abbeys 1180s. very rational well-organized activity effective control coming from top their centralized organization presumably unusual contemporary observers.To prevent excessive influence secular people improve education monks, proposed for Benedictines too. reform initiated popes time about 1200, Innocent Honorius III. seems necessary well solution problems adopting experience influenced spread regular monastery under evident intention imitation. Quadratic interior courts framed open galleries surrounded rooms, including chapterhouse refectory monastery, appear evidently 1220 Benedictine architecture.The Praemonstratensians, order, nearly parallel Cistercians. In twelfth at thirteenth fact straight contact Cistercians, who exercised kind over whose rules derived but based on St. Augustine. Mainly could correspond Cistercian model. main difference between these orders concerned patronage. While mostly royal (mainly after visit delegation Cîteaux Court 1183), Praemonstensian constructions mainly foundations private patrons.It contrary partly surviving hypotheses forgeries old literature, no court practically involved or praxis, schools architecture. Their relationship different, liturgy representation self-image.